Five things to know about Greenland

  • Greenland is huge – at over two million square kilometres it’s by far the world’s largest island and it ranks as the 12th largest country
  • 82% is covered by ice, yet Greenland’s close knit population of just 56,000 would fit on a single soccer field giving it the world’s lowest population density
  • The Viking, Erik the Red, discovered the island in the 10th century, optimistically naming it ‘Greenland’ as an early PR stunt to encourage his fellow Norsemen to join him
  • Geographically it's part of North America, however politically it's much more closely aligned to Europe
  • With very few roads and no trains, all travel around Greenland is only by plane, boat, helicopter, snowmobile or dogsled

Swoop says

Swoop Says background image

A small, proud nation on the roof of the world, a hidden secret amongst adventurers for many years – it's fascinating to see how the climate crisis and geopolitics has thrust Greenland into the spotlight. It feels like Greenland’s time has now truly arrived.

Alex Mudd Head of Swoop Arctic

Greenland
Greenland

Guide to Greenland

Geography

Eighty-two per cent of Greenland is covered by a massive ice sheet that in places is almost two miles (3.2km) thick and around the edges you can gaze up at ice cliffs that are 100,000 years old. The landscape features stunning fjords, glaciers and tundra, with many mountains rising to well over 10,000 feet.

The country’s relatively few inhabitants are scattered along the thin ribbon of coastline, with about 16,500 of them – around a quarter of the total – living in the capital, Nuuk. The whole northeast region Greenland is a national park – 100 times bigger than Yellowstone and about the same size as France and Spain combined. It’s by far the world’s largest.

The vast Greenland wilderness

The vast Greenland wilderness

People

With a population of 56,000 people, all living around the coast and mostly on the west coast, Greenland is the least densely populated territory on the planet. Outside the capital, most people live in tight knit communities of 50-500 people, often cut off from their nearest neighbours by distance and a lack of connecting roads. Local stores have supplies that are shipped or flown in, but hunting and fishing are an essential part of daily life and the culture.

Approximately 89% of the population are Greenlandic Inuit, descended from the Thule people who began colonising the island around 900AD and who introduced both the kayak and dog sled. Since the way of life was traditionally nomadic and there’s no shortage of land – the concept of land ownership simply doesn’t exist in Greenland.

Greenland-Communities

Greenlandic Inuit community

Wildlife

Roaming Greenland’s tundra and ice are polar bears, musk ox, reindeer, arctic fox and mountain hares.

The shoreline and waters are visited by, or are home to, five different species of seals, 15 types of whale, plus walrus.

Birdlife include white-tailed eagles, ptarmigan, fulmars, auk, duck and geese – with 60 species breeding in the region.

Having said this, the chance of seeing much of this wildlife is slim. Hunting for food is a regular part of Greenlandic life, so wildlife tends to be shy.

Musk-Hare-Fjord

Greenland tourism

For almost 5,000 years the Inuit have survived by hunting and fishing – the climate and short summers making effective farming virtually impossible. In the smaller towns and communities these two industries continue to be the major occupations.

Cod used to be the main catch, but now Greenland is the world’s largest supplier of cold-water shrimps, while Greenland Halibut is also a mainstay of a commercial fishing fleet.

In recent years, tourism has taken off as increasing numbers of adventurous travellers are drawn to Greenland.

Greenland-hanging-fish

What our customers think of Greenland

I liked being out in the Zodiac seeing the amazing ice formations.

Travelled: August 2026

Lindley James - USA

The recommendation from your agent Nardus was on point: small ship, time to look, and exploring out the way wilderness.

Travelled: July 2026

Peronel Barnes - UK

Great service from beginning to end. You kept us informed every step of the way.

Travelled: September 2025

Veryan Gibson - UK

Great support and advice from start to end. Excellent communication throughout.

Travelled: September 2025

Graham Gibson - UK

Excellent response to all our questions prior to trip.

Travelled: August 2025

Timothy Moore - USA

This is our second trip with Swan Hellenic – and on the Vega. So happy to return and find the same Captain on board. Captain Lubo. His crew and the staff are awesome. They go out of their way to make it a memorable trip. The food is excellent – and the expedition team is first class.

Travelled: August 2025

Janette Giddings - USA

The natural beauty is amazing. Greenland is friendly, beautifully. Read the full review

Travelled: August 2019

Susan Cooke - United States of America

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The landscapes were a revelation: instead of the barren wasteland we expected, there was a tapestry of late summer colour provided by Arctic willow and miniature birch, as well as bilberry and bear berry. The icebergs were truly magnificent, especially when the ship’s captain threaded the ship through them out of Scoresbysund. Read the full review

Travelled: August 2018

Charles & Lesley Cook - United Kingdom

The regions of Greenland

West Greenland

Discover Nuuk, a modern and cosmopolitan capital of just 18,000 gregarious and welcoming people, dwarfed by a natural wilderness of savage beauty and awesome scale.

Venture to remote communities that still subsist by hunting and fishing. Satisfy your thirst for adventure with a host of Arctic activities, from dog sledding to trekking and kayaking.

Marvel at fjords littered with every shape and size of iceberg or camp on the gigantic icecap under the Northern Lights.

Aasiaat-colurs

East Greenland

This is truly the edge of our world, a region whose harsh climate and almost impenetrable mountains make human existence so difficult that it’s virtually uninhabited.

Explore Scoresby Sund, the world’s largest fjord system, and visit tiny Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland’s most remote community.

North of here is the world’s largest national park, whose dramatic fjords are briefly accessible each year only by expedition ship.

Danmark-Island1

South Greenland

More sparsely populated and less developed than the west of the country, Southern Greenland has a particularly notable history - the town known today as Narsarsuaq inspired the stories of the green covered fjord shared by Norsemen.

The region tells of how the Inuit people have learnt to live and adapt in the past and present.

Visit viking ruins included on UNESCO’s World Heritage List, museums and fish markets, in between sighting caribou, trekking through the green pastures, bathing in thermal springs, and kayaking around the 'Perito Moreno of the Arctic'.

Greenland

Cyclists just outside of Narsaq

Swoop Says background image

Swoop says

We love Greenland for its sheer diversity - each region is totally distinct with its own character. Even the language between east and west Greenland is substantially different.

Plan your trip to Greenland

Greenland Cruises

Greenland Cruises

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Getting to Greenland

Located roughly equidistant between Europe and North America, Greenland - the world’s largest island - is well connected and relatively easy to get to, whether you are arriving …

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Arctic Cruises FAQs

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Greenland: FAQs

  • What language is spoken in Greenland?

    Greenlandic is the official language, but almost all also speak Danish and English is also quite widely spoken.

  • Will I need a visa?

    Greenland’s visa regulations are the same as those that apply in Denmark. The good news is that no visa is required for EU, US, Canadian or Australian nationals.

  • Where can I stay in Greenland?

    While Greenland’s hotels aren’t a reason to visit, most towns of a reasonable size have a modest choice of 3* options. There are only two hotels in the whole country which can claim to be ‘luxury’, however there are far more can boast far better views than most 5* hotels anywhere in the world.

    For accessing Greenland’s dramatic and largely inaccessible coastline, travelling by expedition ship is a very good option, with the boat acting as your floating hotel.

  • Which region should I visit?

    Each region of Greenland is distinct, but in brief: 

    East Coast: Very wild and unpopulated. Perfect for those in search of true wilderness. Better chances of seeing wildlife than in the west, but limited.

    West Coast: A spectacular coastline dotted with pretty, colourfully-painted villages. Good chance of seeing whales. Highlights include the capital, Nuuk, and the mighty Ilulissat Icefjord.

    South Coast: First settled on by the Vikings, making it perfect for history buffs, a warmer climate and farming gives the south a totally different feel to the rest of the island.

  • Which is the best month to travel?

    Cruises to Greenland operate during the summer months between June and early September when the opening up of the ice allows passage along the coastline.

    However, East Greenland cruises and those combining with Canada's Northwest Passage only operate in late August and September.

  • Will I see the Northern Lights?

    It depends on the timing of your cruise. Due to the constant 24 hours of daylight in high summer (June to August), you won't get to see them.

    The best chances for experiencing the extraordinary Aurora Borealis are on a September cruise when the rapidly drawing in nights of early autumn provide the ideal conditions.

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