Things to know

  • Greenland may be a vast adventurer's playground, but it's far from an Arctic zoo. If wildlife is your number one priority, consider Svalbard or Churchill
  • Animals most frequently sighted include seals, whales, musk oxen, reindeer and a variety of birds
  • With a favourable wind and more than a little luck, you may spot a polar bear, arctic fox, mountain hares, walrus, lemmings and ermine
  • Hunting is still very important to the locals - both culturally and as a means of subsistence – so wildlife is wary and hard to spot

Swoop says

Swoop Says background image

Tracking musk ox across East Greenland’s windswept, autumnal tinged tundra was thrilling. These extraordinary animals look like they’ve just stepped out of the Ice Age.

Alex Mudd Head of Swoop Arctic

Greenland Wildlife

Wildlife of Greenland

Musk Oxen

Although they resemble bison, these rather strange looking animals are actually very large goats and can weigh up to 900lbs. With impressive horns and enormous shaggy coats they are an iconic Arctic species that can be found feed on the rolling tundra in small family groups.

Their wool is ten times warmer than cashmere, but it's hard to process which makes it expensive to buy. The best place to spot herds of these creatures, is Kangerlussuaq on Greenland's west coast. However, they can be encountered on the tundra in a number of other locations.

Greenland Wildlife

Musk Oxen in East Greenland

Reindeer (caribou)

This species of the deer family (also known as caribou in North America) has been living wild in Greenland for thousands of years and is the most widespread land mammal on the west coast. You are fairly likely to see reindeer on a hike on the tundra, particularly between Paamiut and Uummannaq.

Reindeer have always been an important prey for hunters and are shy as a result and quick to spook.

Greenland Wildlife

Graceful reindeer in Svalbard

Birdlife

Only approx. 60 bird species are permanent residents to Greenland, their numbers swell to about 235 by the rich variety of summer migratory visitors. One of the most striking is Greenland’s largest breeding bird, the white-tailed eagle, seen around southern coasts.

The auk is the most common breeding bird, but fulmars are sighted more frequently. The eider is the most important breeding wildfowl in Greenland - particularly common in coastal regions all over the island. The ptarmigan breeds all over Greenland, with white plumage in winter and grey in summer. The snow bunting is a summer visitor and you can see two species of falcon - peregrine and gyr.

greenland

Whales

The coastal waters around Greenland teem with whales, with up to 15 species being natives or regular visitors. The best time to spot the majestic creatures is once the winter ice has retreated, from early June to late September.

The most commonly sighted varieties are humpback, fin and minke whales. Occasionally blue whales and pods of killer whales (orca) can also be spotted. The only whales that are year-round residents are bowhead, narwhal and beluga whales - all arctic species rarely sighted elsewhere. Whale hunting, for centuries an essential means of subsistence for Greenlanders, is still permitted, but strictly controlled by quotas.

Wildlife-Humpback

Humpback whale among the ice

Swoop Says background image

Swoop says

While other parts of the Arctic offer better wildlife opportunities, the waters of west Greenland are outstanding for whale watching and very photogenic set against icebergs.

Polar Bears

The world’s largest land predator is an iconic symbol, emblematic of the Arctic and features in Greenland’s official coat of arms.

Significant numbers live in the northernmost parts of West Greenland and in Northeast Greenland - the most remote and uninhabited regions. It’s therefore extremely rare to see a living polar bear. However, they do occasionally appear in the south during the summer months, having drifted southwards down the east coast with the pack ice before coming ashore.

Your best chances of spotting a polar bear in Greenland is onboard an expedition ship in east Greenland.

Greenland Wildlife

Seals

The seas around Greenland are thronged with seals. Seal hunting has been an essential part of the local way of life for thousands of years, and continues to this day. None of the five local species is threatened with extinction.

The harp seal is the most common species of seal in Greenland. It arrives on Greenland’s southern coast around May from its breeding grounds around Newfoundland. The hooded seal is the largest of the five species, while the ringed seal - polar bears favourite food - is the smallest. The other two species, the bearded seal and the common seal, are relatively rare.

Ringed seal

Ringed seal cruising through open water

Plan your trip to Greenland

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Getting to Greenland

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Greenland Wildlife: FAQs

  • Are there naturalists, historians or indigenous cultural experts onboard?

    Yes, there are. And these experts - each a specialist in their own particular field - are the backbone of the ship’s team, as they are your accompanying guides, interpreters and presenters.

    While each expedition team is different and the individuals rotate around, you can definitely expect there to be a polar historian, glaciologist, local community guide, ornithologist and cetacean specialist on your voyage.

    Expedition teams are each led by an Expedition Leader and they are typically between 13 and 30 guides, depending on the size of the ship and number of guests.

  • Will a smaller ship provide better wildlife viewing and landings?

    This is a tricky question to answer as there’s always a slice of luck involved when it comes to wildlife sightings. However, in our experience, smaller ships have a higher chance of better wildlife sightings because:

    • Relative to a larger ship it's quiet through the water and less likely to disturb the skittish Arctic wildlife.
    • The scale of larger ships can make wildlife sightings harder: you're higher up and therefore further from the wildlife (although elevation can also be an advantage, depending on how far away the wildlife is), and it takes longer to access the outer viewing decks.
    • Choosing a larger ship doesn’t necessarily come with correspondingly larger outer decks which are capable of accommodating everyone when wildlife is spotted; smaller ships typically give everyone ample space so there’s no jockeying for a good view when that polar bear finally shows.

    When it comes to landings, this is where having fewer guests on board carries a distinct advantage as it means:

    • Getting everyone off the ship at the beginning of a shore excursion takes much less time, and avoids precious time wasted (and frustrations) waiting to get ashore.
    • And less time spent ferrying everyone to and then back from a landing translates into having more time to spend on land, which in our book can mean a more satisfying overall experience by not feeling rushed and having the time you need.
    • Fewer people, combined with a high guide-to-guest ratio, also means that the group sizes once you get on land will be smaller, and you’ll have more opportunity for 1-2-1 time with the experts.
  • Are there optional activities like kayaking, hiking, photography workshops and the Polar plunge?

    Yes, all of these optional activities are offered. If you are interested in specific ones, check carefully as each ship offers a slightly different activity programme.

    Hiking, the Polar Plunge and photography workshops are all complimentary. Kayaking quite often carries an extra cost, which we can help advise you on.

    Please note that paddle boarding, camping and scuba diving are not available on any ship.

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